Frequently Asked Questions

Silicone models offer a durable, flexible, and visually detailed platform for simulating anatomical structures and procedures. They’re ideal for hands-on training, product demonstration, and benchtop testing because they maintain shape, withstand repeated use, and allow for clear visualization of device behavior.

Unlike biological or cadaveric materials, silicone models are reusable, low-maintenance, and customizable—making them a reliable, cost-effective solution for replicating key anatomical pathways in controlled environments.

In our models, silicone provides a soft, resilient material that mimics the structure and flexibility of human anatomy, while allowing for clear visualization of devices and flow during testing or demonstration. It is also biocompatible, easy to clean, and customizable, making it ideal for a variety of simulation and development applications.

Silicone models are not inherently low-friction. However, they can be used with water-based lubricants or saline to support device navigation and reduce friction during testing or demonstration. We have also recommended using a 0.6% solution of baby shampoo and water.

While our models are designed to visually and structurally represent key anatomical features, they do not replicate the exact surface properties or tissue feel of living vasculature.

Our silicone models are compatible with water-based solutions such as saline, distilled water, and most hydrogels commonly used for simulation. We recommend avoiding oil-based, alcohol-based (except for minimal use during cleaning with 70% isopropyl alcohol), or solvent-containing solutions, as these can degrade the silicone over time or affect its optical clarity.

If you’re unsure about a specific solution, we encourage testing on a small area or reaching out to our team for guidance.

Our AngioClear™ silicone features a Shore hardness of 37–39, tear resistance of 21 N/mm² (120 pli), and tensile strength of 6.3 N/mm² (920 psi). It offers a maximum elongation of 340%, a specific gravity of 1.08, and an elastic modulus between 3.1–3.4 N/mm² (450–500 psi). The material is optically clear with a refractive index of 1.41.

Note: Some models may be produced using alternate silicone formulations. Please refer to the specific technical data sheet for detailed specifications.

Our models vary in size depending on the anatomical region and design intent. Standard models are based on generalized anatomical references and feature typical vessel diameters, lengths, and access points. Customized models can be tailored to include specific dimensions such as inner diameters, tapering, tortuosity, or overall pathway complexity—based on client input.

It’s important to note that anatomy is not inherently geometric, and natural anatomical structures often vary between individuals. As a result, dimensions may not follow uniform or linear patterns, and some variation is expected even in standardized designs.

If you have specific dimensional requirements, we’re happy to review them for feasibility and discuss potential customization options.

To care for your silicone vessel model, we recommend the following best practices:

• Clean and rinse with dish soap and distilled water after each use to remove debris, contrast agents, or lubricants.
• Use only water-based solutions during operation; avoid oil-based, alcohol-based (except for minimal use during cleaning with 70% isopropyl alcohol), or solvent-containing substances, as they can degrade the silicone or cloud the surface over time.
• Air dry completely before storage to prevent microbial buildup or moisture retention.
• Store flat or in a neutral position (not twisted or kinked) in a clean, dry environment away from direct sunlight or extreme temperatures.
• Handle with care when using sharp tools or wires to avoid accidental punctures or tearing.

If you’re unsure about compatibility with a particular substance or device, contact our team for specific guidance or reference the Vessel Care & Maintenance Guide provided with each order.

For customization inquiries, please have the following ready:

• Reference Model: Specify the United Biologics standard model you’d like to customize, if applicable
• Concept or Drawing: Include a detailed concept sketch or red-lined reference drawing
• Anatomical Details: Note any specific features such as tortuosity, aneurysms, or access points
• Dimensional Specifications: Provide relevant measurements (e.g., inner diameters, lengths, angles)
• Additional Reference Files: Submit any supporting data such as DICOM, STL, or CAD files

We are able to produce a wide range of vessel shapes, from simple straight paths to highly tortuous, multi-branching geometries. Complexity can include varying diameters, curvature, tapering, bifurcations, and pathological features such as aneurysms or stenoses.

Our ability to produce a specific shape depends on a combination of client input, reference materials, and manufacturing feasibility. While we strive to closely reflect anatomical intent, some highly irregular shapes may require adjustment for feasibility or durability.

We recommend sharing your concept or reference drawing early in the process so we can assess complexity and provide design guidance.

Our silicone model designs are developed using a variety of academic references, patient data, and other design inputs to reflect key anatomical features. While we strive to base every model on relevant source material, reference data is not always available—some designs are guided by expert input or best-fit anatomical approximations. These models do not replicate exact diameters, bend radii, or spatial positioning, but offer a range of pathway shapes and complexity to support diverse training, testing, and demonstration needs.

All United Biologics silicone models are made using our proprietary AngioClear™ silicone.

Note: Some models may be produced using alternate silicone formulations.

We may be able to reproduce one of our standard or custom models in glass or rigid 3D-printed material upon request. Please note that additional costs apply, and all requests are subject to feasibility review.

United Biologics takes confidentiality seriously and is committed to protecting client information. We’re happy to sign a mutual non-disclosure agreement (NDA) prior to reviewing sensitive materials such as patient data, CAD files, or proprietary designs.

All shared information is handled securely and used solely for the purposes of evaluating and producing your requested model. If you have specific privacy or data-handling requirements, please let us know during the inquiry process.

For more information, contact our team or view our privacy policy.

Standard orders typically ship within 3–4 weeks following payment confirmation.

Custom or customized orders have an average lead time of 7–10 weeks, starting from both payment confirmation and final design approval.

Return authorization must be obtained for all returns. Authorization will be issued at United Biologics’ sole discretion.

Due to the nature of customization, United Biologics generally does not accept returns or exchanges for customized or custom models. Each model is produced based on client specifications, and as such, all sales are considered final.

If you receive a product that is damaged or does not match your approved design, please contact our team within 5 business days of delivery. We will evaluate the issue and determine the appropriate resolution.

For more information, contact our team or review our Terms and Conditions.