Frequently Asked Questions

Silicone models provide a durable, flexible, and visually clear platform for simulating anatomical structures and procedures. They are well-suited for hands-on training, product demonstration, and benchtop testing due to their ability to maintain shape, withstand repeated use, and support clear visualization of device behavior and flow.

Unlike biological or cadaveric materials, silicone models are reusable, low-maintenance, and customizable, making them a reliable and cost-effective solution for replicating key anatomical pathways in a controlled environment.

Our AngioClear™ silicone features a Shore A hardness of 37–39, tear resistance of 21 N/mm² (120 pli), and tensile strength of 6.3 N/mm² (920 psi). It offers a maximum elongation of 340%, a specific gravity of 1.08, and an elastic modulus of 3.1–3.4 N/mm² (450–500 psi). The material is optically clear, with a refractive index of 1.41.

Note: Some models may be produced using alternate materials. Please refer to the specific technical data sheet for detailed specifications.

Our silicone models are compatible with water-based solutions such as saline, distilled water, and most hydrogels commonly used for simulation. We recommend avoiding oil-based, alcohol-based (except for minimal use during cleaning with 70% isopropyl alcohol), or solvent-containing solutions, as these can degrade the silicone over time or affect its optical clarity.

If you’re unsure about a specific solution, we encourage testing on a small area or reaching out to our team for guidance.

Although all standard models are produced using our proprietary AngioClear™ silicone by default, alternative materials such as glass, rigid 3D-printed materials, or 3D-printed silicone may be available upon request and may incur additional cost. Material selection may vary depending on the specific model geometry, design requirements, and manufacturing constraints. Not all options are compatible with every model configuration.

Our models vary in size depending on the anatomy represented, geometry, and design intent. Standard models are based on generalized anatomical references and feature representative vessel diameters, lengths, and access points, rather than exact one-to-one anatomical replication. It’s important to note that anatomy is not inherently geometric, and natural anatomical structures vary between individuals, so some variation is expected.

Customized models can be tailored to include specific dimensions such as inner diameters, tapering, tortuosity, or
overall pathway complexity based on client input.

To care for your silicone vessel model, we recommend the following best practices:

• Clean and rinse with dish soap and distilled water after each use to remove debris, contrast agents, or lubricants.
• Use only water-based solutions during operation; avoid oil-based, alcohol-based (except for minimal use during cleaning with 70% isopropyl alcohol), or solvent-containing substances, as they can degrade the silicone or cloud the surface over time.
• Air dry completely before storage to prevent microbial buildup or moisture retention.
• Store flat or in a neutral position (not twisted or kinked) in a clean, dry environment away from direct sunlight or extreme temperatures.
• Handle with care when using sharp tools or wires to avoid accidental punctures or tearing.

If you’re unsure about compatibility with a particular substance or device, contact our team for specific guidance or reference the Vessel Care & Maintenance Guide provided with each order.

Our standard silicone model designs are developed using a combination of academic references, anatomical literature, client feedback, and internal design inputs to reflect key anatomical features and procedural relevance. While we aim to base each model on available reference data, not all anatomical features have complete or consistent datasets. In these cases, designs may be guided by expert input or best-fit anatomical approximations to ensure functionality and usability.

These models are not intended to replicate exact anatomical dimensions or positioning but instead provide representative pathway geometry and complexity for training, testing, and device evaluation. All models feature a fully passable lumen to support device tracking and deployment.

No, our standard models are not patient specific. They are designed using a combination of published research, anatomical references, and design inputs to create representative anatomy for simulation and testing.

Patient data may be incorporated in certain cases, particularly when developing diseased states or custom models, however, standard models are not intended to replicate a specific individual’s anatomy.

Silicone models are not inherently low friction. While our models are designed to visually represent anatomical features, they do not replicate the exact surface properties or tissue feel of living vasculature.

If you are looking to simulate more realistic device interaction and/or reduce friction in our silicone models, customers
have incorporated lubrication during use. Solutions that are compatible and safe to use with our silicone models and
flow pumps include:
• Deionized or distilled water
• Saline
• 0.6% solution of baby shampoo and water
Some customers have also used alternative solutions that are not considered standard or recommended for use with
our flow pumps, in particular, as they may impact performance or system longevity—including oil-based, alcohol-based
(outside of minimal cleaning with 70% isopropyl alcohol), or solvent-containing substances.
Examples of these include:
• Glycerin-based materials
• Petroleum jelly
• Blood simulant
• Natural blood
Use of non-recommended fluids is at the user’s discretion, and any resulting damage or performance issues may void
the product warranty.
If you are planning to use a specific fluid or testing condition, we’re happy to review your setup and provide guidance

Our standard flow pumps offer an adjustable flow rate, adjustable pulse, and continuous flow. We also offer solutions that expand capability to include temperature control or more advanced waveform simulation capabilities.

We offer four different off the shelf valve and adapter options:
• Hemostasis Valve with a Rotating Male Luer Lock, 0-9FR (FLO 30)
• Hemostasis Valve with a Rotating Male Luer Lock and Side Port with Female Luer Lock, 0-9FR
• Tuohy Borst Adapter with a 3/8″ Barb Connector, 0-13FR (Blue)
• Tuohy Borst Adapter with a 3/8″ Barb Connector, 6-18FR (Red)

Our models are not designed for FDA submissions; however, many clients use them for internal testing and 510(k) submissions.

Yes, Certificates of Conformance are available through our Product Support Team. Availability may depend on the model version

Yes, we can provide justification for simulated use documentation if required; this is offered as an additional service and subject to associated fees.

We are committed to protecting client information and are happy to sign a mutual NDA prior to reviewing sensitive materials such as patient data or proprietary designs.

All information is handled securely and used solely for project evaluation and production.

For customization inquiries, please have the following ready:

• Reference Model: Specify the United Biologics standard model you’d like to customize, if applicable
• Concept or Drawing: Include a detailed concept sketch or red-lined reference drawing
• Anatomical Details: Note any specific features such as tortuosity, aneurysms, or access points
• Dimensional Specifications: Provide relevant measurements (e.g., inner diameters, lengths, angles)
• Additional Reference Files: Submit any supporting data such as DICOM, STL, or CAD files

We are able to produce a wide range of vessel shapes, from simple straight paths to highly tortuous, multi-branching geometries. Complexity can include varying diameters, curvature, tapering, bifurcations, and pathological features such as aneurysms or stenoses.

Our ability to produce a specific shape depends on a combination of client input, reference materials, and manufacturing feasibility. While we strive to closely reflect anatomical intent, some highly irregular shapes may require adjustment for feasibility or durability.

We recommend sharing your concept or reference drawing early in the process so we can assess complexity and provide design guidance.

United Biologics takes confidentiality seriously and is committed to protecting client information. We’re happy to sign a mutual non-disclosure agreement (NDA) prior to reviewing sensitive materials such as patient data, CAD files, or proprietary designs.

All shared information is handled securely and used solely for the purposes of evaluating and producing your requested model. If you have specific privacy or data-handling requirements, please let us know during the inquiry process.

For more information, contact our team or view our privacy policy.

Standard orders typically ship within 3–4 weeks following payment confirmation.

Custom or customized orders have an average lead time of 7–10 weeks, starting from both payment confirmation and final design approval.

It is recommended after each use to do the following:
• Clean and rinse the model with dish soap and distilled to remove debris, contrast agents, or lubricants.
▪ Minimal use of 70% isopropyl alcohol is acceptable during cleaning. Avoid oil-based or solvent containing substances.
• Air dry completely before storage and store flat or in a neutral position in a clean, dry environment away from direct sunlight or extreme temperatures.
▪ Stagnant water should be avoided as it can lead to mold growth.

Note: Handle carefully to avoid punctures or tearing. If unsure about compatibility with a substance or device, contact our team or refer to the Vessel Care & Maintenance
Guide

Yes. There is a $500 design fee for the first model, plus an approximate 25–40% increase depending on the level of
modification.

For customization inquiries, be prepared to provide:
• Reference model (if applicable)
• Concept sketch or redlined drawing
• Anatomical details (tortuosity, aneurysms, access points)
• Dimensional specifications
• Supporting files (DICOM, STL, CAD)

We can produce a wide range of vessel geometries, from simple straight paths to highly tortuous, multi-branching anatomies. Complexity can include varying diameters, curvature, tapering, bifurcations, and pathological features such as aneurysms or stenoses. All models are designed with a fully passable lumen to support device tracking and deployment during training, testing, and procedural simulation.

Our ability to produce a specific geometry depends on a combination of client input, reference materials, and manufacturing feasibility. In some cases, highly irregular shapes may require adjustment to ensure durability and manufacturability while maintaining functional intent.

We offer the ability to create calcified and stenosed vessels. These can be incorporated into a variety of our standard models as a customization or with fully custom designs.

Yes, depending on compatibility, models can be combined or customized to simulate extended anatomical pathways.

All models are supplied with the necessary couplings to connect to a United Biologics flow pump. Additionally, all connectors featured on the model allow for standard access and are designed to integrate modularly with other United Biologics models. Depending on your setup and desired expansion, a modular connector kit may be required to connect additional models or components. Connector components are removable if not needed for your configuration.

While platforms are not required, we recommend their use to help stabilize  the system and minimize movement during device tracking. Platforms are available for purchase separately.

Platforms are generally designed based on model size, and some may be used across similar systems. Fit may vary depending on the configuration.

To generate a quote, we typically require company name, billing and shipping information, contact details, and preferred shipping method.

Once a purchase order is received, the quote is converted into a sales order; production begins, and the order is tracked through completion. Upon shipment, the customer receives the invoice and tracking information.

Standard orders typically ship within 3–4 weeks following payment confirmation.

Custom or modified models typically require 7–10 weeks after payment and final design approval

Return authorization must be obtained for all returns and is issued at United Biologics’ discretion.

Due to the customized nature of most models, returns or exchanges are generally not accepted unless the product is damaged or does not match the approved design. Issues must be reported within 5 business days of delivery.

Yes. Our sales representatives work closely with customers to understand their use case, anatomical requirements, access type, and device application to recommend the most appropriate model and configuration.